The purpose of proppant is to provide a high conductivity pathway for hydrocarbons

The purpose of proppant is to provide a high conductivity pathway for hydrocarbons to flow from the reservoir to the well.  Proppant does this by preventing the fracture from closing due to the stress of the surrounding rock. The deeper a fracture, the more pressure there is in the surrounding rock trying to close the fracture.  If one where to use a low grade proppant such as brady or white sand at depths of 10,000+ ft as in the Bakken, the confining stress of the formation would crush the sand and turn it to powder and it would no longer have conductive properties to allow fluid flow.  By pumping a high density ceramic in a frac job (sand being the lowest strength - generally, resin coated silica sand being the intermediate strength, and ceramic and sintered bauxite proppants being the highest strength) a propped fracture will allow fluid flow even at extreme closure pressures.

Ceramic Proppants are used in the process of hydraulic fracturing to increase oil and gas production.

Ceramic proppants are used in the process of hydraulic fracturing to increase oil and gas production. With increased ROI, using Ceramic Proppants has huge economic benefit. In the process of hydraulic fracturing, fluids with great pressures are pumped down a well to create fractures in the hydrocarbon-bearing rock formation. Proppants, a granular formed material is transported in the fluid to fill this fracture to keep the fracture "propping" open after high-pressure pumping stops. The fracture filled with ceramic proppants creates a permeable channel through which the hydrocarbons can flow more freely. Ceramic Proppants are used in both oil and gas wells' exploration of low-permeability fracturing and in the construction of deep oil well fracking.

Ceramic proppants, also called hydraulic fracturing sand

Ceramic proppants, also called hydraulic fracturing sand, Oil fracturing proppant, ceramic sand, bauxite ceramic proppant, bauxite proppant, oil fracture proppant drilling proppant, high strength proppant, high-strength proppant, high conductivity proppant etc. Ceramic proppants are engineered to optimize conductivity in virtually any application. Using ceramic Proppants to provide high conductivity of oil and gas, to increase the oil and gas production output, as well as to extend the oil and gas wells' length of service.

Oil frac proppant is home to oil and gas well fracturing process is very important aspects.

The rapid development of the oil industry, and has been closely linked with the global macro-economic status. There are many companies rely on the oil, always concerned with the dynamics of oil, because oil is also a trend for the stock has a great influence. Oil as the world's most important raw materials, has become a speculative business goals. It can be seen, the oil's position in the global economy is important. While Oil fracturing proppant products as essential oil in auxiliary materials, has been widely used in many domestic and international oil exploration base.
Oil frac proppant is home to oil and gas well fracturing process is very important aspects. It fracturing process to increase oil and gas production rate and recovery.
Such cracks can prevent Proppant fast closing, maintaining hydraulic fractures propped high conductive medium to create an open and allow increased fracture flow capacity. The hydraulic fracturing proppant and chemical characteristics,  which greatly affect its efficiency. In the more suitable location, good proppant can make the oil industry has a good production and profitability, and for this reason, it is imperative to use the proper use of the product.

MAIDE Ceramics Company has worked for several years to develop improved, high crush proppants.

MAIDE Ceramics Company has worked for several years to develop improved, high crush proppants. A wide variety of materials weretested in the laboratory under simulated reservoir conditions. One material,sintered bauxite proppant particles, showed greatly improved properties particles,showed greatly improved properties over any material available in the past andit has been field tested to date in 12 wells--all deeper than 10,000 ft.

Ceramic proppants particles is a product with high fracture strength

Ceramic proppants particles is a product with high fracture strength, mainly used in oil well supported, to increase production of oil and gas, an environmentally friendly product. Ceramic proppant is the use of high-quality sintered bauxite and other raw materials, is a substitute for natural quartz sand, glass beads, metal balls and other low-strength proppants to increase oil and gas has a positive effect. When oil and gas exploration in deep, high pressure low permeability deposit closure after fracturing treatment, the hydrocarbon-bearing formation split, passage of oil and gas from the cracks formed in the collection out. Ceramic proppant material along with high-pressure solution is filled into the formation in rock fissures, cracks do not play a supporting closed due to stress lightweight proppant release effect, thereby maintaining high conductivity, so that oil and gas flow, increase production. Practice has proved that the use of ceramic proppant fracturing wells can increase production from 30 to 50%, but also to extend the service life of oil and gas wells.

Many of these deeper wells will require hydraulic fracturing treatments in order to produce at economic rates.

The shortage of natural gas in the U.S. has caused an increasing number of deep well completions over the past several years--a trend that will likelycontinue. Many of these deeper wells will require hydraulic fracturing treatments in order to produce at economic rates. To achieve successful fracturing results, a material having properties superior to sand is needed toprop open the hydraulic fractures created at the high earth stresses present indeep wells.Resin coated silica sand, the commonly used propping material, tends to crush atclosure stresses encountered in deep formations, producing fine particles orfragments that can drastically reduce fluid conductivity of the proppedfracture. propped fracture. Efforts to develop a proppant capable of bearinghigh stresses without excessive crushing have produced such materials as glassbeads, steel shot, and aluminum pellets. Glass beads have been usedcommercially for over ten years, but there is evidence indicating that thestrength of the glass in multilayers is greatly decreased in the presence ofbrine. Metallic materials are presence of brine. Metallic materials arecomparatively expensive and corrode, so their use has been very limited. Otherresearch has looked at deformable materials, such as nut shells, that will notcrush and will prop open a fracture when a partial layer is present. The use ofdeformable propping materials in partial monolayer propping materials inpartial monolayer concentrations appears to have decreased in recent years.

high density ceramic have much higher densities

Sintered bauxite proppant or high grade alumina have been used as proppant materials at well depths greater than 20,000 feet, but these high density ceramic have much higher densities than sand and therefore require high viscosity pumping fluids or high pumping rates. Larger pumping equipment is required, and wear rates on fracturing fluid carrying equipment is accelerated. In addition, the raw materials used to make the proppant materials are more costly.

Low density proppant have generally resulted in failure

Previous efforts undertaken to employ Low density proppant have generally resulted in failure because of insufficient strength to maintain fracture conductivity at even the lowest of closure stresses (1,000 psi). Recent research on material properties has at last led to the development of an ultralight weight(ULW) material with particle strength more than sufficient for most hydraulic fracturing applications. The current ultra lightweight proppant have apparent specific gravities of 1.25 and 1.75 g/cm3. Laboratory tests will demonstrate exceptional fracture conductivity at stresses to 8,000 psi. This paper presents data illustrating the performance of the new ULW proppant over a broad range of conditions and a discussion of relative performance in field applications.

Today's commonly used proppants include various sands

Since the earliest fracturing treatments more than 50 years ago, many different materials have been used including sand, glass beads, walnut hulls, and metal shot. Today's commonly used proppants include various sands,resin coated frac sand,resin coated silica sand, intermediate-strength ceramic proppants, and sintered bauxite proppant—each employed for its ability to cost-effectively withstand the respective reservoir closure stress environment. As the relative strength of the various materials increases, so too have the respective particle densities, ranging from 2.65 g/cm3 for sands to 3.4 g/cm3 for the sintered bauxite.  Unfortunately, increasing particle density leads directly to increasing degree of difficulty with proppant transport and a reduced propped-fracture volume for equal amounts of the respective proppant, thereby reducing fracture conductivity. Intuitively, one expects that a lesser-density proppant would be easier to transport, allowing for reduced demands on the fracturing fluids, and if it had sufficient strength, would provide increased width, and hence, enhanced fracture conductivity

Shale oil cost advantage is not obvious

Although the mainstream institutions statement shale oil development costs vary, but generally accepted view is that shale oil cost at least $ 75 / barrel and above. Although hydraulic fracturing another breakthrough,Unconventional gas a single horizontal well costs from $ 25 million down $ 8 million, but the current crude oil prices are still not very attractive.
In early June this year, Sinopec acquired from Pioneer Resources Division West Texas 207,000 acres of shale oil assets, for example, the cumulative output of only one million barrels / day, according to the region's oil fields, the average decline rate calculation, the next five years, the cumulative production of approximately of 500 million barrels. Mined at the lowest cost, only the amortized cost of drilling close to $ 65 / barrel, while taking into account the maintenance of hydraulic fracturing and drilling, mining costs will be $ 80 or more. The costs for the current shale oil mining the main - small independent oil companies, the current oil price is not very impressive attraction. From the perspective perspective,ceramic ball in 2015 the WTI forward price is always $ 80 or less, difficult to enhance oil production support.
Thus, with the restoration of supply and demand structure, the second half of the upstream oil market appears more likely. Half of the U.S. and European oil fast convergence, reflecting the U.S. since last year structural imbalance between supply and demand shift to the global market, but with the second quarter of the U.S. recovery in consumption and supply growth slowed, the structure of supply and demand will also radiate repair.fracturing proppants In this context, it is expected in the second half of New York and London oil prices will rise again to $ 105 and $ 112 above the level.

OPEC's internal contradictions

The economy riddled, food and housing scarce Algeria also need high oil prices. International Monetary Fund (IMF) said the oil price is not less than 121 U.S. dollars / barrel, Algeria to balance domestic spending.Fracturing proppant Government data show that in the first four months, the Algerian oil and gas revenues declined by 9%. The finance ministers will be directly attributed to the U.S. shale oil production increased. Important source of foreign exchange blocked, Algeria had to reduce public spending. Responsible for security affairs consulting firm NorthAfricaRisk Jeff Potter pointed out that in the case of not rising wages slashed social allowances will only increase instability.

2008 economic crisis caused by the global financial crisis, oil prices fell to lows. The face of external difficulties,ceramic ball then abandoned the hatchet of OPEC member states unanimously agreed to cut 400 million barrels / day of production quotas to support oil prices. However, the supply of crude oil in North America once again highlighted the dramatic increase in OPEC's internal conflicts, opposing sides have said that the current to reach a unified position is much more difficult than before.

International Energy Agency (IEA) predicts that by 2018, crude oil production in the United States and Canada, based on an increase in the current 21%. This is undoubtedly a stunning reversal. Since the 1970s peak, U.S. oil production has continued to decline until 2008 because the contribution of shale oil before re-see the improvement.unconventional gas Hydraulic fracturing technology breakthrough liberated USA North Dakota and Texas and other states buried shale oil resources, so that U.S. crude oil production hit a 21 year high.

Preparation of oil shale residue proppant

Preparation of oil shale residue proppant research hydraulic fracturing technology is an efficient technology of oil field production. The process is to use the high pressure pump group on the ground, the high viscosity of fracturing fluid to greatly exceed  resin coated frac sand displacement of the absorptive capacity is injected into the borehole, at the bottom to suppress high pressure; When the pressure is greater than the wall near the formation stress and formation rock tensile strength, near the bottom of the formation of cracks; Continue to inject with natural gas fracturing sand fluid, crack extension forward and is filled with fracturing proppant, shut-in after fracture closure on the filling of proppant, finally have emerged near the bottom hole formation has certain geometry dimension and flow conductivity of fracture, is advantageous for the crude oil around faster into the bottom of the well, achieve the goal of production. Hydraulic fracturing proppant as the important filling medium, its performance directly affects the whole well production capacity. So, the research of high performance oil proppant for oilfield production is very necessary. Oil fracturing proppant * main points of natural quartz sand, artificial ceramsite proppant, resin coated proppant (i.e., resin coated proppant) three categories, the effect of coated sand and resin coated ceramsite proppant and points two kinds. Natural quartz sand because of the sphericity is bad, low intensity, but the lowest cost, so generally used in great quantities in the shallow well; Artificial ceramsite proppant due to its good sphericity, high strength, corrosion resistance is strong, as well as good conductivity, by a large number of used for medium and deep well fracturing..

Shale gas reservoir fracturing proppant settlement

Shale gas reservoir fracturing proppant settlement regularity and the experimental research on shale gas development is a system, a vast amount of engineering, its high technical requirements and more money. Horizontal well development and technology of hydraulic fracturing is the core of the shale gas development. Than with conventional guanidine gum fracturing fluids, gliding water to form complex fracture network, greatly improve the effect of well stimulation. As a result, the shale gas reservoir fracturing slippery water often used as a fracturing fluid, large displacement, low viscosity construction method. Low viscosity, but due to slippery water carrying capacity is poor, proppant settlement regularity with different conventional petroleum proppant gum fracturing fluid. At present, China about shale gas reservoir, fracturing proppant settlement rule research focuses on the theoretical aspects, construction technology and main draw lessons from foreign practices, or software simulation based on the experience, lack of effective means of experiment; Especially for gliding water carrier proppant settlement, the migration regularity of research is still in its infancy, lack the necessary indoor experiment and system theory to guide the shale gas reservoir fracturing design and construction. To this end, the author designed a model device, and through the device simulation gliding water carrier in the fracture process, studies the construction capacity, seam width, proppant sand particle size and viscosity of fracturing fluid and than within the fracture parameters such as Hydraulic Fracturing Proppants settlement and the influence of the conveyance speed, so as to provide reference for establishing reasonable construction parameters.

Ceramic proppant

The main raw materials are bauxite, while China is a country rich bauxite , bauxite distribution is highly concentrated, Shanxi, Guizhou, Henan and Guangxi in four provinces (regions ) ceramic proppant suppliers accounted for 90.9% of the total reserves of the country's total reserves ( Shanxi 41.6% , 17.1%, Guizhou , Henan, 16.7% , 15.5%, Guangxi ) , and the rest owned bauxite 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities accounted for only 9.1% of the total reserves of the country's total reserves. Chinese ceramic proppant manufactured good support for its ability to gradually replace conventional proppant sand, into the U.S. market . So far, the bauxite proppant Chinese -made ceramic proppant ceramic proppant has occupied the entire North American market share of 13% , the average annual business volume of $ 3 billion .

Oil fracturing proppant is a ceramic particle product

Oil fracturing proppant ( ceramic proppants ) is a ceramic particle product with high fracture strength , mainly for oilfield downhole support to increase production of oil and gas , an environmentally friendly product .
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This product is the use of high-quality bauxite , coal and other raw materials, ceramic sintering , is a substitute for natural quartz sand , glass beads , metal balls and other low- strength proppant , to increase production of oil and gas has a positive effect .
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 Practice has proved that the use of high-alumina fracturing proppant wells can increase production by 30-50% , but also to extend the service life of oil and gas wells , is the key material oil, gas wells in low permeability oil and gas exploration, construction . Products used in deep fracturing when it is filled to the low permeability fractured rock deposits in high closed fracturing treatment to split hydrocarbon formations , play a supporting fissure is closed not because of stress release , thereby maintaining oil and gas high flow capacity , not only to increase oil and gas production , and more to extend the service life of oil and gas wells .

Hydraulic fracking technology development

Hydraulic fracking technology originated in the United States, it is the main method of shale gas exploration and development. Application of hydraulic fracturing technology can greatly improve the unconventional natural gas  production, the application of the principle is to participate chemicals into the water poured into the hydraulic fracture shale gas reservoir, thereby releasing the gas. With the large-scale commercial development of unconventional oil and gas resources, hydraulic fracturing technology must be large-scale application.

Application of oil fracturing proppant

Fracturing fluid technology is an important means to transform oil and gas fields , it is the use of artificial methods of fluid injected into the rock of the grass-roots level to exceed the strength of the formation fracture pressure , so that cracks around the wellbore rock layers , forming a channel with high conductivity . In order to maintain open after fracturing the formation of cracks , oil and gas products through smoothly , injecting particulate proppant is one of the important measures.

Fracturing technology for worldwide oil production plays a very important role, but oil is a key oil fracturing proppant fracturing technology can be successful . High quality proppant can play an important role for the exploitation of crude oil. Oil fracturing proppant , is to keep the fractured rock formations deep split state support , particle size 0.2-0.9 mm, there is a certain roundness and sphericity . During use , the proppant hydraulic fracturing fluid mixing , using coercion injected deep cracks in the rock strata support to improve the conductivity of oil , increased crude oil production .

Hydraulic fracturing is oil and frac sand companies gas well

Hydraulic fracking is oil and gas well production and injection Wells is an important technical measures of augmented injection, not only widely used in low permeability reservoirs, and in medium and high permeability reservoirs production stimulation and good results have been achieved. It is to use the ground high pressure pumps, absorptive capacity of the viscous fluid has considerably more than the bottom displacement in injection well, don't gas pressure at bottom hole, when the time pressure is greater than the wall near the ground stress and formation rock tensile strength, the cracks near the bottom bolt. Continue to inject with ceramic proppant manufacturers carrying fluid, crack extension forward and fill with ultra lightweight proppant, closed fracture closure on resin coated silica sand, thus formed in the near the bottom of the bottom has a certain geometry dimension and flow conductivity of sand filling cracks, make to increase attention of technological measures. The principle of hydraulic fracturing increase injection mainly reduced near the bottom hole formation fluid in the change of fluid seepage and seepage resistance of state, is the original radial flow change for reservoir and the one-way flow of approximation and cracks between the wellbore and one-way flow, eliminate the radial throttling losses, greatly reduces the energy consumption. Injection and oil gas well production or injection Wells will be greatly improved. If hydraulic fracture can unicom fracture reservoir of deep oil and gas layer and gas, the increase of the effect will be more obvious. In addition, the hydraulic fracturing team near the bottom of a well damage to remove oil and gas layer is jammed. 

High temperature flue gas purification with pore gradient design

High temperature flue gas purification with pore gradient design, preparation and properties of high temperature ceramic fiber membrane filtration technology is an important part of industrial emissions and environmental engineering, and high temperature ceramic ultralight weightmaterial is the core and key of high temperature liquid separation and purification. Therefore, this study based on the preparation of low filter resistance, high separation efficiency, and has good high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, thermal shock features such as pore gradient ceramic fiber membrane, it will be on the high temperature gas such as high temperature flue gas purification treatment and environmental protection is of great significance. On the basis of the reading of resin coated frac sand amount of literature, and through the hole gradient ceramic fiber membrane using the environment requirements and preparation conditions of comprehensive analysis, design and determine the support material, ceramic fiber type and high temperature binder, the key points of the choice of pore-forming agent, and according to the high temperature dust gas particle test results and the size of the situation, determine the fiber membrane pore gradient ceramics ceramic fiber separation layer, transition layer and the pore diameter of porous ceramic membrane support matching elements. System to study the fiber membrane pore gradient ceramics with the method of preparation of porous ceramic membrane support, for the first time the heat shock casting molding process, and by adjusting the process parameters of preparation of the high temperature resistance, good thermal stability, high porosity and permeability of small resistance, high strength, large aperture cordierite porous ceramic membrane support, and study the micropore of porous ceramic membrane support performance especially aperture effect the performance of the film and film layer.

Ultra lightweight proppant has changed elastic fracturing job.

Ultra lightweight proppant has changed the ways and means of elastic fracturing job. Continue to study the unique characteristics and applications of lightweight proppants encourage people to turn to spread sand proppant volume, rather than sanding quality. Studies have shown that hydraulic fracturing proppant used ultralight
The benefits are obvious. Particle strength lightweight proppant material suitable for use as proppant, but much lower than conventional proppant products apparent specific gravity
Lightweight proppant more obvious advantages include: significant reduction in proppant settling, have increased the potential value of the effective propped fracture length; desired viscosity fracturing fluid is not high, can reduce the pump power.

   

Hydraulic Fracturing Proppants is increase production

Hydraulic Fracturing Proppants is increase production of oil and gas wells, injection wells by injection of an important technical measures, not only widely used in low osmotic pressure reservoir, and in hypertonic reservoir stimulation transformation also achieved good results . It is the use of advanced ground pump hydraulic fracturing benefits, high mucus has greatly exceeded the absorption capacity of the underlying displacement injection wells, in the bottom suffocating pressure, when the pressure is greater than the near wellbore formation rock to stress and tensile strength, in the bottom formation near the cracks. Continue with injected fluid carrying sand proppant, fracture extends forward and filled with proppant in the fracture closure shut the proppant to form a certain geometry and conductivity of sand filling in the vicinity of the bottom strata cracks that reach well stimulation process measures attention.

There are many kinds of fracturing fluid composition

As the case may be, the main purpose is to look at its
Packer fluid is divided into two types: the first water as a dispersion medium such as water-based  maide fracturing Proppants thickened water, gel, oil in water emulsions, water-based foam and so on are some of the acidic solution. The second is mineral oil as a dispersion medium such as

oil-based  maide resin coated frac sand fluid thickened oil, oil-in-water emulsion, oil-based foam.
Fracturing fluid performance requirements: good high viscosity, lubricity is good, a small amount of fluid loss, low friction, to be fracturing fluid layer without clogging and damage, fluid mine pollution, thermal stability and shear stability , low residue, good compatibility, broken plastic rapid, wide supply, ease of preparation, economical and reasonable.

Ultra lightweight proppant has changed elastic fracturing job.

Ultra lightweight proppant has changed the ways and means of elastic fracturing job. Continue to study the unique characteristics and applications of lightweight proppants encourage people to turn to spread sand proppant volume, rather than sanding quality. Studies have shown that hydraulic fracturing proppant used ultralight
The benefits are obvious. Particle strength lightweight proppant material suitable for use as proppant, but much lower than conventional proppant products apparent specific gravity
Lightweight proppant more obvious advantages include: significant reduction in proppant settling, have increased the potential value of the effective propped fracture length; desired viscosity fracturing fluid is not high, can reduce the pump power.

Ceramic proppant supplierof ceramic proppant technology

Ceramic proppant supplierof ceramic proppant technology introduction, absorption, application, innovation, research and development to low-density,low density proppant and other new, high-strength ceramic proppant using high-purity raw materials, labor after selection through ultrafine grinding, uniform granulation and sintering precise temperature control, high technical content, quality and stability, and has a high temperature, high pressure, high strength, high conductivity, corrosion resistance and other characteristics

The resin coated frac sand advantage

Oil fracturing proppant using traditional quartz sand or ceramic proppant. After these two can not prevent proppant fracturing proppant proficient around emptying spit or cracks, and proppant crushing and embedded softer formations. The resin coated frac sand for hydraulic fracturing, has the advantage of quartz sand and ceramic lacking called moderate proppant.

When oil and gas wells by the mining, high pressure low permeability deposit is closed after fracturing treatment, the hydrocarbon-bearing formation split, consisting of oil and gas from the channel cracks gathered out. petroleum proppant Ceramic proppant materials along with high-pressure solution is filled into the formation of cracks in the rock, and played well after excavation support, high closure pressure low permeability deposit by fracturing treatment, so that hydrocarbon formation split, consisting of oil and gas from the cracks channel aggregation out. Ceramic proppant materials along with high-pressure solution is filled into the formation of cracks in the rock, the crack does not play a supporting and closed due to the effect of stress release, and then stick to high conductivity, so that oil and gas dredge, add value.
Ceramic proppant widely used in the oil and gas mining, oil and gas output forward, ceramic because of its quality is not the same, the effect is not the same. Shale, flowers and other ultra-lightweight ceramic is mainly used for decoration, concrete and other professional; dense, low breakage rate is mainly used for oil ceramic occupation, as proppants used. Chinese ceramic proppant skills these years has made great progress.
Followed by Chinese domestic shale gas exploration and development muster, China's ceramic proppant will usher in greater development of space mall. The past two years, the price increase is large ceramic proppant added production costs in emerging economies will also push up the price of proppant. Since the production of bauxite are the main raw materials of ceramic, although China has the advantage of local cheap bauxite, but to follow the strategy of promoting the Chinese rare earth mine, the future prices will continue to adhere to rise, and therefore, there is a certain ceramic proppant price upside.
At the same time, Chinese companies made ceramic proppant for its outstanding support to gradually replace practices proppant sand, into the United States mall. The data show that China produced ceramic proppant ceramic proppant has occupied 13% of the proportion of North American shopping malls all, the average annual amount of the transaction amounted to $ 3 billion. At that time, the US shale oil and gas well drilling is entering the heating up, the demand for ceramic proppant great on prices also have a certain ability to withstand.Shale gas revolution  As long as oil and gas maintain a certain price, the Chinese production of ceramic proppant in the United States and other countries would be marketable.
At that time, research and carry out situation in China oil fracturing ceramic proppant outstanding, showing good conduct trend. In the future, be able to continue to support vocational high strength oil fracturing support agent special ceramic materials and products production skills to carry out, points to carry oil fracturing support agent products.

Fracturing technology for worldwide oil production plays a very resin coated sand proppant important role, while oil fracturing proppant fracturing of oil is the key to the success of the availability of technology.
High quality proppant can play an important role for the exploitation of crude oil. Oil fracturing proppant, is to maintain a deep fissure formation rock split state support. During use, the proppant fracturing fluid mixing, using coercion injected deep cracks in the rock strata support, to improve the conductivity of oil, increase crude oil production.
At present, the domestic use of fracturing ceramic, quartz sand, but their intensity is low, only for the exploitation of shallow wells. If these proppants for use in the deep, will bear enormous pressure and rock formation environment in a variety of corrosion will be a lot of broken, but prevented the outflow of oil, it is difficult to meet the requirements of the well.
Multi-sintered corundum products internationally, ceramic proppant supplier but to meet the requirements of this article, although the physical and chemical properties, but the sources of raw materials difficult, complicated process, and the high energy consumption, high cost.
We use bauxite, together with special materials, through the laboratory, to obtain new proppant substantially achieve the desired purpose.

After oil and gas exploration wells over time, hydraulic fracturing high closure pressure after fracturing low permeability deposit processing, the hydrocarbon-bearing formation split, passage of oil and gas from the cracks formed in the collection out. After ceramic proppant material along with high-pressure solution is filled into the formation of cracks in the rock, and played well supported by mining, the high closure pressure after fracturing low permeability deposit processing, the hydrocarbon-bearing rock cracked hydrocarbon formation from cracks channel pooled out. Ceramic proppant material along with high-pressure solution is filled into the formation of cracks in the rock, the play does not support crack due to stress release and closing action, thereby maintaining high conductivity, so that oil and gas flow, increase production.

Ceramic sand proppants are widely used in oil and gas operations, the increase in oil and gas production, because of the quality of different ceramic, its role is not the same. Shale, flowers and other ultra-light ceramic mainly used for decoration, concrete and other industries; dense, low breakage rate ceramic sand is mainly used in the oil industry, as a proppant used. Ceramic proppant technology in recent years, our country has made great progress.

With the rise of Chinese domestic shale gas exploration and development, China's ceramic sand proppant market will usher in greater development space. The past two years, price rises ceramic sand proppant large increase in production costs in emerging economies will push up the price of proppant. Because bauxite is an important raw material for the production of ceramic, although China has the advantage of cheap local bauxite, but with the advancement of China's rare earth ore strategy, future prices will keep rising, so there is a certain ceramic proppant sand The price upside.

Meanwhile, the Chinese company manufacturing ceramic sand proppant its good support capabilities, gradually replace the conventional proppant sand, into the US market. Data show that China-made ceramic sand proppant has occupied 13% of the total ceramic proppant market share in North America, the average annual business volume of $ 3 billion. Currently, the US shale oil and gas well drilling is entering the heating up, the demand for ceramic proppant sand is great, price increases also have some tolerance. As long as oil and gas to maintain a certain price, China's production of ceramic proppant in the United States and other countries would be marketable. Currently, the research and development of oil fracturing ceramic proppant sand well, showing good momentum of development. Future, the industry can continue to support high oil fracturing support agent strength special ceramic materials and products technical development, focusing on the development of oil fracturing support agent products.

Analysts said glutenin investment projects, investment and use of ceramic sand has greatly increased the amount of oil and gas production, which is equivalent to an increase of oil profits, benefits arising from the use of ceramic sand is much greater than the expenditure, which also means more and more oil exploration project will ceramic sand as necessary investment projects. And more than oil ceramic proppant sand of a product, but ceramic sand but with the potential of latecomers, firmly position always has the best resin coated frac sand oil proppant, which is sufficient to prove the superiority of the product, became an oil Mining engineering projects have to invest, also by the chance to become inevitable.

Ceramic support agents are widely used in oil and ceramic proppant gas mining, oil and gas production in progress, ceramic because of its quality is not the same, the effect is not the same. Shale, flowers and other ultra-lightweight ceramic is mainly used for decoration, concrete and other professional; dense, low breakage rate is mainly used for ceramic oil career, as a support agent available. Chinese ceramic support agent skills these years has made great progress.
Followed by Chinese domestic shale gas exploration and development muster, China's ceramic support agents will usher in greater development of space mall. The past two years, the rate of increase ceramic support agents offer greater added production costs in emerging economies will also offer support agent push. Bauxite is the production of ceramic because the main raw material, even though China has the advantage of local cheap bauxite, but followed the strategy to promote the Chinese rare earth mine, the future will continue to adhere to offer up, so there is a certain ceramic support agents offer upside.
Meanwhile, the Chinese company produced ceramic support agent for its outstanding ability to support, to gradually replace practices support agent sand, into the United States mall. Data show that China produced ceramic high density ceramic support agents have occupied all the ceramic support agents mall in North America by 13% the proportion of the average annual business volume of over $ 3 billion. At that time, the US shale oil and gas well drilling is entering the heating up, the demand for ceramic support agents is great, there are bound to offer up the capacity. Simply must adhere to the price of oil and gas, China produced ceramic support agents in the United States and other countries would be marketable.

Based on our company's major science and technology ceramic proppant projects "oil recovery and downhole operation of new technology, new equipment research and field test" task "efficient pulse fracturing technology integration and test," Igawa Downhole drilling company continued research, with self-developed pulse fracturing Indoor engineering simulation evaluation test system as a platform for the continuous support not fracture conductivity, fracture proppant pulsincap flow stability, fiber hanging sand and separate effects a study.
The test results show that the non-continuous manner sanding artificial fractures can result in more support continuous support crack about two orders of magnitude higher fracture conductivity. At the same time, the adoption of effective partition proppant sand under pulsed conditions of stability and slug plug between the fibers suspended sand can carry out. Combining theoretical models and field tests, the researchers also explored the pulse time, proppant sand column stability control, optimization of the ratio ceramic proppant manufacturers of the concentration of fibers and sand fracturing and other key technologies, initially formed a pulsed sand fracturing technology, liquid and material systems, integrated package of special equipment, basically a pulsed sand fracturing technology of autonomy.

Water consumption is high and more serious problem is ceramic proppant manufacturers water pollution. First, the fracturing fluid contains additives include drag reducing agents, surfactants, scale inhibitors, clay stabilizers, bactericides, pH adjusting agents, anti-fluid loss additive, demulsifier, benzene, chromium, and sometimes also contain a small amount of radioactive substances such as radium. Therefore, shale gas mining process, we must properly handle the fracturing fluid. In general, the technical and theoretical level, the situation is fracturing fluid contaminated groundwater does not occur, but can not rule out human factors and equipment, resulting in fracturing fluid underground or aboveground storage leak and contaminate groundwater or surface ecology. Second, because shale gas production and storage sites, almost all aquifers located below, and therefore the drilling process, must go through aquifers, if drilling improper easily lead to contamination of groundwater chemical additives used during drilling. ceramic proppant In addition, for example, in the North China Plain, shale gas, since the area of ​​the over-exploitation of groundwater is one of serious, and therefore in some coastal areas because of lower groundwater levels, causing sea reflux, eventually causing ground water pollution is serious.

About selecting fracturing fluid, there are three ceramic proppants liquid systems, including direct injection of liquid nitrogen, nitrogen foam injection and drag water. After considering the costs, environmental and production and other factors, the current standard practice of fracturing fluid is chosen drag water, namely at high displacement pump large volumes of water and a small amount of support and additives, in order to go deeper into the cracks and improve shale gas production. Drag due to the water content of 99.5% for the water, so the technology has been become water fracturing.
In the drilling and fracturing stage, ceramic proppant according to the World Resources Institute showed a mouthful of shale gas wells need to use 7,000 tons to 25,000 tons. In wastewater recycling phase, only about 70% of the waste water back into the ground can be processed and stored, 30% of water is absorbed underground rock. In other words, a net consumption of shale gas to 2100-7500 tons.

Hydraulic fracturing technology is an effective technology ceramic proppant fields to increase production. The process is to use high-pressure pump on the ground, the high viscosity of the fracturing fluid to significantly exceed the absorptive capacity of the formation of the displacement is injected into the well at the bottom Biechu hypertension; when this pressure is greater than the near wellbore formation stress and when the tensile strength of the rock formations in the vicinity of the bottom layer can crack; continue to inject liquid with sand proppant, fracture extends forwardly and proppant filled fracture closure shut after filling proppant on the last crack with a geometry and conductivity in the vicinity of the bottom layer, to facilitate faster inflow of crude oil around the bottom of the well, to achieve the purpose of increasing production. As hydraulic fracturing proppant filling an important medium, which directly affects the capacity of the entire yield wells.ceramic proppants Therefore, the study of high performance oil proppant for oil yield is very necessary. Oil fracturing proppant * Major points of natural quartz sand, artificial ceramic proppant, resin-coated proppant (ie coated proppant) three categories, including coated proppant is divided into two coated sand and ceramic coating species.

Characteristics of ceramic proppant products

After fracturing oil and gas wells chinese proppant in its stimulation effect and production performance depends conductivity cracks. Fracture conductivity fracture conductivity is within the reservoir fluids, fracturing proppant and fracture permeability Aperture product support to represent. Therefore, physical properties and distribution of ceramic proppant in the fracture is an important factor china proppant affecting fracture conductivity. Of ceramic proppant performance requirements are as follows:

1, ceramic proppant have sufficient compressive strength and resistance to abrasion, resistant to strong pressure and friction during injection, and effectively support the artificial cracks.

2, ceramic proppant particles relative density is lower, easy to pump into the underground.

  3, ceramic proppant particle sizes to meet the design requirements of different wells, typically 0.4-0.8mm, roundness and sphericity greater than 0.9, and particle uniformity, smooth surface, turbidity should be less than 1000, in order to obtain the best possible high conductivity.

  4, ceramic proppant particles at a temperature of 200 ℃ conditions, the fracturing fluid and reservoir fluid chemical reaction does not occur, the acid solubility of the maximum allowable value should be less than 7%.

Basic Features ceramic proppant industry

Ceramic proppant ceramic proppant particles is a product with high fracture strength, mainly used in oil well supported, to increase production of oil and gas, an environmentally friendly product. Ceramic proppant is the use of high-quality sintered bauxite and other raw materials, is a substitute for natural quartz sand, glass beads, metal balls and other low-strength proppants to increase oil and gas has a positive effect. When oil and gas exploration in deep, high pressure low permeability deposit closure after fracturing treatment, the hydrocarbon-bearing formation split, passage of oil and gas from the cracks formed in the collection out. Ceramic proppant material along with high-pressure solution is filled into the formation in rock fissures, cracks do not play a supporting closed due to stress lightweight proppant release effect, thereby maintaining high conductivity, so that oil and gas flow, increase production. Practice has proved that the use of ceramic proppant fracturing wells can increase production from 30 to 50%, but also to extend the service life of oil and gas wells.

Ceramic proppant industry analysis

Ceramic proppant oil,fracturing proppant a key material in low permeability gas exploration fracturing oil and gas wells, in a good macroeconomic policy, ceramic proppant products in the future exploration and development of oil and gas wells in the application will be more widely used , in line with national industrial policy. Accelerate local economic development, through the development of energy, increase investment, develop new application of technology, led a complete industrial chain of circular economy and building a harmonious society has become the primary task of the various local governments. Ceramic proppant has played an important role in the application of oil and gas wells, not only to increase oil and gas production,China proppant and can extend the service life of oil and gas wells. Therefore, research and development of ceramic proppant technology, practical point of view, there is a very good market space, in line with the relevant policies of local governments.

Uses proppant

Proppant fracturing ceramic proppant can be used in deep, high-pressure oil and gas layers. High-quality bauxite as the main raw material crushed to a fine powder after fine grinding, together with various additives, repeated kneading, granulation, polishing. High temperature sintering, the product has high strength, low density, good ball, finish high, strong conductivity and so on. By the China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,isp proppant Langfang Branch support evaluation laboratory testing, the performance indicators fully meet SY / T5108-2006, SY / T6302-1997 standard, currently in the lead.

Developments in the oil proppant

In recent years, proppant plant with the development of the domestic production of oil fracturing proppant, proppant fracturing of oil product export volume gradually from scratch, from less to more. However, overall, the export volume is still less than imports. And products are mainly concentrated on low value-added low-end products, imports are high value-added high-end products, such as the excellent performance of high strength proppant fracturing of oil products. Development of oil fracturing proppant industry is not fast, the market size of the average annual growth rate of about 15 percent, the average annual growth rate of the enterprise total capacity of around 12%. Large number of enterprises, but most are small businesses, low yield, low-tech, competition means also focused on product prices above, and do not occupy a larger share of the market, especially large-scale enterprise production. Domestic oil demand continues to increase dependence on foreign oil continues to increase. In order to meet the increasing domestic demand for oil,petroleum proppant the oil industry has developed rapidly. Correspondingly related products is rapidly expanding. China's oil fracturing proppant industry at this time, the relatively rapid development, the market scale growth rate reached 20%. In 2009, Chinese oil fracturing proppant industry investment of 470 million yuan, in 2011 increased to 620 million yuan, an average annual growth rate of over 13%.

Type of proppant

fracturing proppant can be divided into natural and artificial two categories. The former representative of quartz sand, which is commonly referred to as ceramic proppant. hsp proppant is now widely used in oil and gas prices increase market five different standards proppants, which are natural quartz sand, artificial moderate density aluminum silicate proppant (ceramic sand), High crush proppants  of moderate-intensity artificial high density alumina and silicates proppant high-strength and high-strength bauxite proppant zirconium silicate, and applying pre-cured coatings and coating resins curable natural or artificial sand proppant. They each play a different role in the oil and gas production.

Hydraulic fracturing fracturing effect depends on the length of validity of the quality of the proppant

In hydraulic fracturing in fracturing effect the success or failure depends primarily on the length of validity of the quality of the proppant. Ceramic proppant role is to produce hydraulic fracture fracture filling, making it no longer re-closed and form a flow channel having a high conductivity. In the reservoir characteristics and fracture geometry the same conditions, fractured wells increased yield and production performance depends on the conductivity of cracks. Fracture conductivity refers to a fracture conductivity (transport) capacity reservoir fluids, and to crack proppant permeability (Kf) layer and the support crack slit width (Wf) of the product [KW] f to represent.

 Generally believed that the type of proppant, physical properties (size, strength, ball roundness, density, etc.) and their distribution in the fracture of (laid concentrations that support the dosage unit fracture area), as well as crack closure Stress is a major factor controlling fracture conductivity. Therefore, the master Ceramic proppants physical properties and fracture conductivity and many other factors, there is a reasonable choice in favor of proppant fracturing favor fracturing fluid and material support agents made more precise requirements. Type from the proppant, physical properties and evaluation methods proppants fracture conductivity and its influencing factors, and selection of proppant four face proppant and fracture flow capacity to make a presentation.

Hydraulic fracturing proppant is important to fill the media

http://www.maideceramics.Hydraulic fracturing  technology is an effective technology fields to increase production. The process is to use high-pressure pump on the ground, the high viscosity of the fracturing fluid to significantly exceed the absorptive capacity of the formation of the displacement is injected into the well at the bottom Biechu hypertension; when this pressure is greater than the near wellbore formation stress and When the tensile strength of the rock formations in the vicinity of the bottom layer can crack; continue to inject liquid with sand proppant, fracture extending forward and pressed (fracturing proppants

extending forward and pressed fracturing proppants Filling, shut after fracture closure on the filling of proppant, and finally cracks with a geometry and conductivity in the vicinity of the bottom layer, to facilitate faster inflow of crude oil around the bottom of the well, to achieve the purpose of increasing production. As hydraulic fracturing proppant filling an important medium, which directly affects the capacity of the entire yield wells. Therefore, the study of high performance oil proppant for oil yield is very necessary. Oil fracturing proppant * Major points of natural quartz sand, artificial ceramic proppant, resin-coated proppant (ie coated proppant) three categories, including coated proppant is divided into two coated sand and ceramic coating species.

High performance ceramic with resistance

For many people in Shenzhen proppant sand manufacturers for better understanding , knowing that it's a relatively high resistance to height , but the effect is very good , with the changing times , many people will soon be welcomed and approved unanimously . natural gas fracturing Often in the areas of high temperature ceramic in Shenzhen . Are generally well divided according to the size of the ceramic and pottery Sand said . Shenzhen is often a ceramic high -temperature -resistant properties . Are used in the building up of continuous light by the ceramic itself Shenzhen not only a good high temperature resistance and can be continuously reduced by a construction of our own weight effect. At the same situation a seismic performance is also very good. For ceramic concrete construction of adaptability is often compared to strong. We can compare with a good renovation bond late . It should be said , and said local role in highway and other high-temperature room .

Water-based fracturing fluid in water as a solvent or dispersion medium

Water-based fracturing fluid in hydraulic fracturing as a solvent or dispersion medium, to join the thickener's, additives. Mainly adopts three kinds of water-soluble polymer as the viscosifier, namely plant gum (melon glue, sesbania, konjac, etc.), cellulose derivatives and synthetic polymers. Several polymer swelling into sol in water, the formation of high viscosity gel after crosslinking. With high viscosity and suspended sand ability, low fluid loss, and low friction. Use of water-based fracturing fluid at home and abroad in the following several types: natural plant gum fracturing fluid, containing such as cluster and its derivatives hydroxypropyl melon glue, hydroxypropyl carboxymethyl melon glue, delay hydration hydroxypropyl melon glue; Polysaccharide has a half milk mannose glue, such as field of wellknown and its derivatives, glucomannans glucose glue; Cellulose fracturing fluid, including such as carboxymethyl cellulose, proppant sand manufacturers  carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, etc.; Synthetic polymer fracturing fluid containing such as polyacrylamide, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, methylene polyacrylamide and its copolymers.

Our ceramic proppant market characteristics analysis of an industry

Our ceramic proppant market characteristics analysis of an industry, ceramic proppant market prospects of China's reserves of oil and gas reserves in low permeability, so we need to improve this part of the oil and gas reserves of oil (gas) index, the most effective natural gas fracking method is to apply water beat bifida transformation reservoirs, enhanced oil recovery (gas) index, thereby improving well production, and can increase 2-3 times, and some more. Proppant is used in hydraulic fracturing fracturing produces hydraulic fracture filling, making it no longer closed again, and forms a flow channel having a high conductivity. This method can effectively increase production, CNPC fracturing year yield had reached 10 million tons / year, the current annual yield of about also 600-7000000 tons / year.Because hydraulic fracturing can bring such a good economic hydraulic fracturing benefits for oil, so oil fishes used in hydraulic fracturing proppant very seriously. Features artificial ceramic proppant is a high strength at high pressure can be closed to maintain a high conductivity.

Ceramic proppant industry development process

Ceramic proppant by anti-crushing strength can be divided into: 52Mpa, 69Mpa, 86Mpa, 102Mpa several. Downstream customers can choose products according to different intensity levels and measure the resin coated ceramic proppant depth of closure pressure of oil and gas. But Chinese enterprises ceramic proppant to the majority of low intensity, with the amount of oil and gas continues to expand, low permeability mine (3000 ~ 6000m) gradually increased, high-strength oil fracturing proppant requirements is growing.It is estimated that the annual investment in the future of the national petrochemical equipment will reach 500 billion yuan, is expected during the "Eleventh Five-Year", petrochemical special needs of millions of tons of oil natural gas fracking proppant, investment of about a thousand billion. Ceramic proppant which reach several hundred thousand tons, about 30% of the total demand. The rapid development of China's national economy continued to promote the growth of oil and gas and petrochemical industrial fixed assets investment.