various countries started to develop, the use of resin coated ceramic proppant.

From the mid-1970s, various countries started to develop, the use of resin coated ceramic proppant. As such the proppant to overcome the inherent shortcomings of traditional sand and ceramic proppant , not only to prevent the proppant is crushed and spit phenomenon. Also it reduces the proppant embedment formations ills. In addition, the use of such proppant can prevent fines migration, and therefore at higher fracture closure stress also enables to maintain good long-term permeability. Many fields have been widely used in lieu of such proppant sand and ceramic. Examples illustrate it in hydraulic fracking effect day job better than conventional proppant, oil yield significant role through laboratory evaluation and field. Economic analysis shows that it is before a most economical and reasonable great development of the new force hydraulic fracturing proppant.

Ceramic proppant industry development process

Ceramic proppant by anti-crushing strength can be divided into: 52Mpa, 69Mpa, 86Mpa, 102Mpa several. Downstream customers can choose products according to different intensity levels and measure the resin coated ceramic proppant depth of closure pressure of oil and gas. But Chinese enterprises ceramic proppant to the majority of low intensity, with the amount of oil and gas continues to expand, low permeability mine (3000 ~ 6000m) gradually increased, high-strength oil fracturing proppant requirements is growing.It is estimated that the annual investment in the future of the national petrochemical equipment will reach 500 billion yuan, is expected during the "Eleventh Five-Year", petrochemical special needs of millions of tons of oil natural gas fracking proppant, investment of about a thousand billion. Ceramic proppant which reach several hundred thousand tons, about 30% of the total demand. The rapid development of China's national economy continued to promote the growth of oil and gas and petrochemical industrial fixed assets investment.

Ceramic proppants suit different design requirements for the well

Ceramic proppant particle size to meet the design requirements of the different wells, usually 0.4-0.8mm, roundness and sphericity of greater than 0.9, and particle uniformity, smooth surface, the haze high crush proppants vvalue should be less than 1000, in order to obtain the highest possible diversion capacity. 4, ceramic proppant particles under conditions of a temperature of 200 ℃, the fracturing fluid and the reservoir fluid is not a chemical effect, the solubility of the acid should be less than the maximum allowable value of 7%. Ceramic proppant oil, a key material of low permeability gas exploration fracturing oil and gas wells, in addition, in the construction industry is also widely used as a lightweight ceramic filler. Products resin coated ceramic proppant used in deep fracturing, it will be filled to its low permeability gap Iwaya deposits, high closed fracturing treatment, the oil and gas formations crack, crack is not due to play a supporting stress release and closed, thereby maintaining oil and gas high flow capacity, not only to increase oil and gas production, and can extend the service life of oil and gas wells.